The pronunciation of
the Portuguese of Portugal

List of notes

Note 1: Context symbols

Note 2: Phonemic and phonetic symbols

Note 3: Context and word boundaries

• Item 1
• Item 2
• Item 3

Note 5: Choice of phonemes and allophones

• Item 1
• Item 2

Note 6: Uvular and lingual "double" r

• Note 6a: Native speakers with all r's uvular

Note 7: Regular alternations of half-open and half-close (metafonia)

• Verbs in -ar
• Present tense of verbs in -er
• Verb vs. noun
• Singular vs. plural nouns
• Singular masculine adjectives vs. feminine and plural forms
• Pronouns

Note 8: Phonetics of /e/ and /E/

Note 9: Similarities between dissimilar sounds

Note 10: Semi-consonants and diphthongs

Note 11: Symbol 3 or 6 for open schwa?

Note 12: Amália Rodrigues and "Canção do mar"

Note 14: Closing influence of subsequent nasal consonants

Note 15: More on phoneme /1/

Note 16: Peculiarity

• Note 16a: Voiceless vowels
• Note 16b: Consonant clusters
• Note 16c: Vowel runs
• Note 16d: The essiness of the Portuguese language

Note 17: Special meaning of êm when final, in verbal forms

Note 18: The name of the new European currency

Note 19: Allophones of /b/, /d/ and /g/

• Item 1: /b/
• Item 2: /d/
• Item 3: /g/

Note 20: Word-initial es

Note 21: Dulce Pontes and the Brazilian r

Note 22: Sotaque do norte

Note 23: How Brazilian pronunciation differs from that in Portugal

• Item 1
• Item 2
• Item 3
• Item 4
• Item 5
• Item 6
• Item 7
• Item 8
• Item 9
• Item 10
• Item 11
• Item 12
• Item 13

Note 24: History of exceptions

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Copyright © 2000-2007 by R. Harmsen.