Dutch is unique
(no, it's not!)
in having three different labio-dental sounds, which differ only
in their degree of voicedness vs. friction:
voiceless f, voiced v (not very voiced, but more than f), and very voiced approximant w.
The three-fold distinction is not present throughout the areas where Dutch is spoken (the Netherlands and roughly half of Belgium): In some people's speech, f and v are very similar, of even identical, leaving a normal two-fold distinction f/w, like in German, and in many Slavic languages.
Others do distinguish between f and v, but use a w that is bilabial (pronounced using both lips), not labio-dental (using upper teeth and lower lip). This happens notably in southern parts of the Netherlands (provinces Noord-Brabant and Limburg) and in Dutch-speaking Belgium.
These two types of reduction from three-fold to two-fold distinction(s) do not coincide geographically, and that leaves speakers - and I happen to be one myself - who distinguish f, v and w, all three being pronounced with lower lip and upper teeth, only through the balance between voice and friction.
Three-fold minimal "pairs" are hard to find, and those that do exist invariably involve a loan word or acronym or some other special case. Here is a list of what I could find:
A word with all three sounds in it: verfwerk.
See also
this link
about the distinction between voiced and voiceless fricatives in Dutch
And here is a sound sample of how I pronounce two of these trios
Copyright © 1999 by R.Harmsen.
Last updated April 25, 1999